Forging categories

According to the forming mechanism, forging can be divided into free forging, die forging, lapping ring, special forging
Three Gorges ship hoist nut column blank
1、Free forging. Refers to the use of simple general-purpose tools, or in the forging equipment between the upper and lower anvil iron directly on the billet to apply external force, so that the billet deformation and obtain the required geometry and internal quality of forgings processing methods. The forgings produced by the free forging method are called free forgings. Free forging is based on the production of small batches of forgings, using forging hammers, hydraulic presses and other forging equipment to shape the billet and obtain qualified forgings. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, cutting, bending, twisting, misshifting and forging. Free forging takes place in the form of hot forging. [2]
2、Die forging. Die forging is also divided into open die forging and closed die forging. Metal billet in a certain shape forging die chamber pressure deformation and obtain forgings, die forging is generally used for the production of weight is not large, large batch of parts. Die forging can be divided into hot die forging, warm forging and cold forging. Warm forging and cold forging is the future development direction of die forging, but also represents the level of forging technology.
According to the material points, die forging can also be divided into ferrous metal die forging, non-ferrous metal die forging and powder products forming. As the name suggests, the materials are carbon steel and other ferrous metals, copper and aluminium and other non-ferrous metals and powder metallurgical materials.
Extrusion should be classified as die forging and can be divided into heavy metal extrusion and light metal extrusion.
Closed die forging and closed upsetting belong to two advanced processes of die forging, where the utilisation of the material is high due to the absence of flying edges. Finishing of complex forgings is possible in one or several processes. Due to the absence of flying edges, the force area of the forging is reduced and the required load is also reduced. However, care should be taken that the billet is not completely restricted, and to this end the volume of the billet should be strictly controlled, the relative position of the dolly controlled and the forging measured, and efforts made to reduce the wear and tear of the dolly.
3、Ring lapping. Ring lapping refers to the production of ring-shaped parts of different diameters by means of special equipment ring lapping machines, which are also used to produce wheel-shaped parts such as automobile wheels and train wheels.
4, special forging. Special forging including roll forging, wedge cross-rolling, radial forging, liquid die forging and other forging methods, these methods are more suitable for the production of certain special shape parts. For example, roll forging can be used as an effective pre-forming process, significantly reducing the subsequent forming pressure; wedge cross-rolling can produce steel balls, drive shafts and other parts; radial forging can produce large barrels, step shafts and other forgings.